Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare endocrine disease which is characterized by hypocalcaemia and undetectable or inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). Post-surgical HypoPT (PS-HypoPT) is the most common cause, caused by accidental parathyroid removal/injury during neck surgery. From a neuropsychological standpoint, patients with PS-HypoPT present cognitive and neuropsychological symptoms: the more plausible pathophysiological mechanism resides i...

Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and genetic factors play an important pathogenic role [1]. Interestingly, some of these obesogenic environmental and genetic conditions are shared with neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and NDD are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, in turn leading to cognitive dysfunction or cell death. In this aspect, a poly-pharmacolog...

We have already reported that synthetic analogs of 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), a naturally occurring thyroid hormone derivative, share a pleiotropic activity with the endogenous parent compound, including autophagic flux promotion (ATG), neuroprotection, and metabolic reprogramming. Our study aimed to determine whether the T1AM lead analog SG2 and its derivatives SG22 and SG23, developed as prodrugs of SG2, can protect human glioblastoma U87 MG cells from the toxic effects induc...

3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is a hormone like molecule structurally similar to TH, that has been reported to modulate energy metabolism by favoring lipid over glucose catabolism. To better understand the role played by T1AM on the regulation of lipid metabolism, in the present study we administered spontaneously obese mice with T1AM at two different dosages (10 and 25 mg/kg per day) for 7 days and the effects on body weight (BW) and lipid profiles were examined. In addition a flu...

Microglial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks and leading causes of common neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). All these pathologies are characterized by aberrant aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain, which can directly activate microglia, trigger microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and increase oxidative stress. The availability of cell-permeable i...

The endogenous thyroid hormone derivative 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), and its metabolite 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) are known to stimulate learning and induce hyperalgesia in mice. Recently, it has been demonstrated that exogenous T1AM is able to rescue synaptic impairment after transient ischemia in the entorhinal cortex (EC), a brain area crucially involved in learning and memory, and early affected during Alzheimer’s disease. However, i...

Endogenous TH metabolite 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and recently developed thyronamine-like synthetic analogues SG1 and SG2 have emerged as neuroprotective agents. Autophagy has proved to be an effective therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore we investigated whether these compounds can induce autophagy in human glioblastoma cells (U-87MG).Cultured U-87MG cells were initially treated with 1 μM T1AM, SG-1, SG-2 or vehicle for 30&...

Please Development and preliminary characterization of a simple human thyroid organoid in vitro model for thyroid metabolism investigation For decades, in vitro studies of the thyroid have relied on thyroid-derived tumor cell lines, which are limited by their undifferentiated phenotype, lack of response to TSH, and chromosomal abnormalities. A viable alternative are monolayer (2D) cultures of primary thyrocytes isolated from histologically normal thyroid glan...

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare endocrine disease which is characterized by hypocalcaemia and undetectable or inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). Post-surgical HypoPT (PS-HypoPT) is the most common cause, caused by accidental parathyroid removal/injury during neck surgery. Conventional therapy with calcium and vitamin D analogues does not restore calcium homeostasis and patients with chronic PS-HypoPT complain with several complications. Fr...

Adult-onset hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and a significant fraction of hypothyroid patients still shows persistent disturbances despite standard T4 replacement therapy. Experimental results showed that tissue levels of T4 metabolites, particularly T1AM, are decreased in hypothyroidism and remain low after T4 replacement. Thyroid hormones are important for the promotion of neurogenesis and neuron migration to different areas of the cerebral cortex, i...